Health / Cloning

It is process used to make a genetically exact copy of an organism. Any organism can be created using 2 ways.

1. Sexual reproduction.
2. Asexual reproduction (organisms such as bacteria and some plants create offspring that are genetically identical to the parent).

Types of Cloning
S. No Cloning Type Details
1 GENE Here a piece of foreign DNA is inserted into a vector, which can be copied by a host cell and it is recombinant DNA technology,
2 REPRODUCTIVE It involves creating an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal through somatic cell nuclear transfer. Here a newly created embryo is placed back into the uterine environment where it can implant and develop.
3 THERAPEUTIC It allow an individual's own cells to be used to treat or cure that person's disease, without risk of introducing foreign cells that may be rejected.

Dolly is a sheep which was first cloned animal in 1996. After wards cloning process used for other animals like cattle, chickens, dogs, cats, horses and several other mammals. Reproductive cloning is highly inefficient, and cloned animals are not as healthy as animals born through sexual reproduction.  

   

NOTE
Human cloning is banned in almost in 70 countries. Therapeutic cloning is used to repair the parts (lever, Lung, Heart e.t.c) of human body for replacement. Woo-Suk Hwang (group) of Seoul National University in South Korea published a paper in the journal  Science  in which it claimed that they have created a cloned human embryo in a test tube in 2004.


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