In India, government grants prestigious awards to people depends on their
works are Of 4 types. They were
1. Civilian Awards
2. Gallantry Awards
3. Sports Awards
4. Literature Awards
Civilian Awards
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S.No
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Awards
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Details
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1
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Bharat Ratna
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The Bharat Ratna is conferred "in recognition of exceptional
service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race,
occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally confined to the arts,
literature, science, and public services, as per the 1954 regulations.
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2
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Padma Vibhushan
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The award is conferred for "exceptional and distinguished service",
without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The criteria include
"service in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but
excludes those working with the public sector undertakings, with the exception
of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous
awards, but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute; Aditya
Nath Jha, Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, and Vikram Sarabhai became the first recipients
to be honoured posthumously in 1972.
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3
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Padma Bhushan
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The award is conferred for "distinguished service of a high
order...without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex." The criteria
include "service in any field including service rendered by Government servants"
but exclude those working with the public sector undertakings, with the
exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous
awards, but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute; D. C.
Kizhakemuri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1999.
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4
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Padma Shri
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Padma Awards were instituted in 1954 to be awarded to citizens of India in
recognition of their distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity
including
the arts, education, industry, literature, science, sports, medicine, social
service and public affairs. It has also been awarded to some distinguished
individuals who were not citizens of India but did contribute in various ways to
India.
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Gallantry Awards
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S. No
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Awards
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Details
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1
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Param Vir Chakra
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The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest military decoration, awarded
for displaying distinguished acts of valour during wartime. Param Vir Chakra
translates as the "Wheel of the Ultimate Brave", and the award is granted for
"most conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy". The medal of the PVC
was designed by Savitri Khanolkar, whose daughter's brother-in-law,
Major Somanath Sharma, was coincidentally awarded the first PVC.
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2
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Ashoka Chakra
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The Ashoka Chakra is a depiction of the Dharma Chakra; a wheel represented
with 24 spokes. It is so called because it appears on a number of edicts of
Ashoka, most prominent among which is the Lion Capital of Ashoka. The most
visible use of the Ashoka Chakra today is at the centre of the Flag of
India (adopted on 22 July 1947), where it is rendered in a navy blue colour on a
white background, replacing the symbol of charkha (spinning wheel) of the
pre-independence versions of the flag.
India's highest peacetime military decoration awarded for valour,
courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield is also
called Ashoka Chakra.
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3
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Mahavir Chakra
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The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) (literally great warrior medal) is the second
highest military decoration in India, after the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded
for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land,
at sea or in the air. It replaced the British Distinguished Service Order (DSO).
The medal may be awarded posthumously.
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4
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Kirti Chakra
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The Kirti Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour,
courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle. It may be
awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards.
It is the peacetime equivalentof the Maha Vir Chakra. It is second in order of
precedence of peacetime gallantry awards; it comes after Ashoka Chakra and
before Shaurya Chakra. Before 1967, the award was known as the Ashoka Chakra,
Class II.
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5
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Vir Chakra
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Vir Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of bravery on
the battlefield. It replaced the British Distinguished Service
Cross (DSC), Military Cross (MC) and Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Award of
the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal
abbreviation (note the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for
the Victoria Cross (V.C.). It is third in precedence in the war time gallantry
awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.
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6
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Shaurya Chakra
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The Shaurya Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour,
courageous action or self-sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the
enemy. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, sometimes
posthumously. It is third in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards
and comes after the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti Chakra. It precedes the Sena
Medal.
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Literature awards
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S.No
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Awards
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Details
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1
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Jnanpith Award
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The Jnanpith Award is an Indian literary award presented annually
by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their "outstanding contribution
towards literature". Instituted in 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian
writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the
Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral.
From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their "most
outstanding work" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize of 1 lakh and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu
goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The first recipient of the award was the
Malayalam writer G. Sankara Kurup who received the award in 1965 for his
collection of poems, Odakkuzhal (The Bamboo Flute), published in 1950
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2
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Sahitya Akademi Award
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The Sahitya Academy Award is a literary honor in India, which
the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on
writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the
major Indian languages (24 languages,[1]including the
22 listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, along
with English and Rajasthani) recognised by the Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi.
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3
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Bhasha Samman
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The Sahitya Academy Award is a literary honor in India, which
the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on
writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the
major Indian languages (24 languages, including the 22 listed in the Eighth
Schedule of the Indian Constitution, along with English and Rajasthani)
recognised by the Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi.
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4
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Premchand Fellowship
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The "Premchand Fellowship" is instituted in 2005 and is named after Hindi
writer Premchand, who is popularly known as "Munshi Premchand", during his 125th
Birth Anniversary. It is given to "a person of eminence in the field of culture
and literature" doing research on Indian literature or to creative writers from
the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries other
than India. The first and sole recipient of the fellowship is
a Pakistani national and Urdu writer Intizar Hussain. The period of Fellowship
for "Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship" and "Premchand Fellowship" ranges from one
month to three months depending on the convenience and availability of the
recipient. The visiting Fellow needs to submit a comprehensive report of their
visit which is to be placed before the Executive Board and are requested to
deliver lectures on the topic of their specialization in universities and
institutions dealing in the discipline.
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Sports Awards
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S.No
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Awards
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Details
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1
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Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
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The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, officially known as Rajiv Gandhi
Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games, is the highest sporting honour of
the Republic of India. The award is named after Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime
Minister of India who served the office from 1984 to 1989. It is awarded
annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The recipient(s) is/are
selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and is honoured for their
"spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a
period of four years" at international level. As of 2018, the award comprises
a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize.
The first recipient of the award was Chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand,
who was honoured for the performance in the year 1991–92. In 2001, sport
shooter Abhinav Bindra, then aged 18, became the youngest recipient of the
award. As of 2018, there have been thirty-six recipients from fourteen
sport
disciplines: Athletics, Badminton, Billiards, Boxing, Chess, Cricket, Field
hockey, Gymnastics, Shooting, Snooker, Tennis, Wrestling, Weightlifting,
and Yacht racing. The most recent recipients of the award are
Weightlifter Saikhom Mirabai Chanu and Cricketer Virat Kohli.
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2
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Arjuna Award
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The Arjuna Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and
Sports, Government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports.
Started in 1961, the award carries a cash prize, bronze statue of Arjuna and a
scroll.
As per the revised guidelines, to be eligible for the award, a
sportsperson should not only have had good performance consistently for the
previous four years at the international level with excellence for the year for
which the award is recommended, but should also have shown qualities of
leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline.
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3
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Dronacharya Award
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It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
Recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are
honoured to have done "outstanding and meritorious work on a consistent basis
and enabled sportspersons to excel in international events" over a period of
four years. Two awards are designated for the lifetime contribution in coaching
where the achievements in producing "outstanding sportspersons" over a period of
20 years or more are considered. As of 2017, the award comprises a bronze
statuette of Dronacharya, a certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash prize of 5 lakh.
The first recipients of the award were Bhalachandra Bhaskar Bhagwat
(Wrestling), Om Prakash Bhardwaj (Boxing), and O. M. Nambiar(Athletics), who
were honoured in 1985.
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